Smart point landmark distribution for thin-plate splines
نویسندگان
چکیده
Landmark placement is crucial in manual demarcation and registration of anatomical structures, registration of different image modalities (i.e. MRI/CT), labeling training data for lip and face principal component models, training for neural networks, and signal interpolation to name some applications. Although landmark placement at curvature and coordinate extrema (e.g. corners of the mouth, lowest point on the lower lip) is fairly unambiguous, the placement of point landmarks along a linear contour is subjective. Unfortunately the user’s choice of landmark placement determines the quality of the resulting registration. In this paper, we present an algorithm to remove these undesired degrees of freedom by replacing landmarks along the contour. Ambiguous landmarks are moved so as to minimize a thin plate spline energy while constraining the landmarks to the originally specified contour. The resulting landmark placement results in a smoother registration while still interpolating the contours and fixed landmarks. The results show that the ambiguity of manual landmark placement along contours does affect the smoothness of the interpolated registration, and that significantly smoother interpolations can be achieved using our approach. This procedure may also benefit other applications employing landmarks by eliminating unintended curvature (variation) from the landmark data.
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